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Irresponsible Role of Media in the recent Indo-China Border Tussle

           Pressure has been developing in the Himalayas along one of the world's highest land borders, with New Delhi and Beijing both blaming the other for violating the Line of Actual Control (LAC) that divides the two. The territorial status has for some time been questioned, emitting into various minor military clashes and diplomatic eyebrow-raising, since a wicked war between the nations in 1962.      Recently, top military commanders met to cool-off the rising political mercury levels in Ladakh. Indeed, even today, exactly what happened on the ground, in the exceptionally mobilized locale, stays indistinct because of the role of media. Media on both sides has focused on propaganda and warmongering that has hindered the de-escalation of the matter. Chinese media's broadcast of People's Liberation Army (PLA) moves in the locale -with planes and trucks loaded with troops - in what state media portrayed as "exhibiting China's ability of ...
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How Goa became part of India?


File:Asia oceania anonymous c1550.jpg - Wikipedia
Map used by the Portuguese

Portuguese Conquest of Goa


     Portuguese were the first among the other European Powers that colonised India. In 1510, Goa was captured by the Portuguese General Alfonso de Albuquerque from the Sultan of Bijapur, Ismail Adil Shah. Albuquerque set up Goa as a base for his future expeditions of Malacca and Hormuz in 1511 and 1515 respectively. Goa was used as a strategic location, by the Portuguese, to expand their "semi kingdom" in Asia which included other parts of India such as Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Malacca and other bases in Indonesia, Macau in China, the Persian Gulf and many Japanese trade bases. Hence, Goa became their "Asian capital". 

Download free photo of Aguada fort,lighthouse,portugese fort,17th ...



Estado Da India

     In 1757, Joseph 1 of Portugal issued a declaration, prepared by his minister Marques de Pombal, allowing Portuguese citizenship to all the subjects of their colonies in India. The enclaves of Goa, Daman, Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli got to be collectively known as Estado da India Portuguesa and were represented within the Portuguese parliament. In the first election held in Goa, three locals were elected as the members of parliament.

Goa under the British and Transfer of Capital to Panaji.

     Goa came under the British control for a brief period between 1812-1815 during the Napoleonic Wars. The Portuguese Viceroy then shifted his capital to Nova Goa (New Goa) which is now known as Panaji in 1843, however it was planned by the Portuguese almost two centuries before in !684. 

    Tug of War for Goa After Indian Independence

     After Indian Independence, France quickly surrendered its territories in India but Portuguese resisted. In 1954, unarmed Indians took over the tiny land locked enclaves of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Portugal took this incident to the International Court Of Justice but in its judgement the court said that although the Portuguese had a legal right over their enclaves but India too had the right to not let Portuguese use its territory to connect with these enclaves. Hence, Portuguese lost Dadra and Nagar Haveli. 1955 saw many revolutionary activities in Goa against the Portuguese Government. Atleast twenty five of unarmed Satyagrahis were killed in firing and many were put in jails. On 1 September some Satyagrahis captured a fort in Tiracol and hoisted the Indian flag. But the fort was soon captured again by the Portuguese. India then put a blockade against Goa, Daman and Diu in order to force the Portuguese to surrender. But the Portuguese gave Goa its own airline known as the Transportes Aereos da India Portuguesa to overcome the blockade.

Indian annexation of Goa

     After many repeated appeals to the Salazar regime made by the Indian Government regarding the transfer of Goa and Daman and Diu failed to substantiate, Indian troops crossed the border into Goa on 18 December 1961. This operation was named Operation Vijay and it involved sustained attacks from the sky, land and sea for more than thirty-six hours. The Portuguese surrendered unconditionally on 19 December 1961. U.S backed by U.K proposed a resolution in the United Nations against India but was vetoed by the U.S.S.R. The Territory of Goa was under military rule for five months after the military action and then it remained as a Union Territory up to 30 May 1987. Goa then became a full fledged state and Pratapsingh Rane was elected its first Chief Minister while Daman and Diu has still the Union Territory of India status.


Map of Goa






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